AN ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO: ECONOMIC, CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS OF CHILD LABOUR IN DISTRICT KOHAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA (PAKISTAN):

Abstract

Background: This study looks at the social, economic factors that contribute to child labour in the district Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan). It particularly highlights the impact on children's education and welfare. The study examines how parental involvement, family income, and the number of children affect these factors, along with the negative effects of poverty and cultural influences.

Objective: The goal is to evaluate how parental involvement, family income and household size, along with poverty and cultural factors that contribute to child labor and influence children's education and welfare in District Kohat. 

Participants & Setting: The study involved 264 child labourers from various work sectors in Kohat District, representing major local tribes (Bangash, Khattak and Aurakzai). Majority of the participants were between the ages of (6-10) years. 

Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with the child labourers. Descriptive statistics outlined demographics, education and working conditions, while inferential analyses were intended to explore relationships between household and cultural factors with child labour and educational results. 

Results: Most participants fell within the (6–10) age range and had limited access to formal education. Many reported experiencing poor and unsafe working environments. Children primarily engaged in work to support household income and exhibited a low understanding of their rights. Respondents frequently identified with tribal affiliations (Bangash, Khattak and Aurakzai). Specific estimates regarding key predictors such as; family income, parental involvement and the number of children. For example, lower family income associated with increased odds of child labor, larger household size linked to reduced school attendance and parental engagement positively co-related with the schooling. 

Conclusion: Child labour in Kohat is a reflection of economic struggles and ingrained cultural practices, leading to premature work engagement, limited education and a lack of awareness regarding child rights.

The findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive interventions aimed at improving educational access, enhancing work-place safety, bolstering social protection for low-income families and fostering awareness of rights to assist policy-makers and stake-holders in diminishing child labour and enhancing the future prospects of children in the region.