Conservation Challenges of Endangered Mammalian Species in India

Abstract

India is recognized as one of the world's most biologically diverse countries, supporting a rich variety of mammalian species across its forests, grasslands, wetlands, mountains, and coastal ecosystems. However, many of these species are currently facing severe threats that have resulted in declining populations and increased risk of extinction. Endangered mammals such as the Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, Indian elephant, red panda, snow leopard, lion-tailed macaque, and Indian pangolin are particularly vulnerable due to habitat loss, fragmentation, poaching, human-wildlife conflict, climate change, and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources. the major conservation challenges faced by endangered mammalian species in India and evaluates the effectiveness of existing conservation efforts. Habitat destruction caused by urbanization, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, and industrial activities has significantly reduced the availability of suitable habitats for many species. Illegal wildlife trade and poaching continue to threaten several mammals despite legal protections and conservation initiatives. Additionally, increasing interactions between humans and wildlife have intensified conflicts, leading to injuries, loss of life, and negative impacts on conservation outcomes. the role of protected areas, wildlife corridors, government policies, community participation, and scientific research in species conservation. Understanding these challenges is essential for developing effective strategies to protect endangered mammals and maintain ecological balance. the need for integrated conservation approaches that combine habitat protection, law enforcement, sustainable development, and public awareness to ensure the long-term survival of India's endangered mammalian biodiversity.