The Spread of the Ashʿarite Doctrine and Its Role in Guiding Social Life in the Western Islamic World at the Beginning of the Almohad Period

Abstract

This study addresses the Ashʿarite doctrine and its role in guiding social life in the Western Islamic world during the Almohad period. It examines the stages through which both elites and the general population became influenced by its principles and ideas, as well as the role of Muhammad ibn Tumart, the spiritual founder of the Almohad movement, in consolidating this doctrine among the Moroccan and Andalusian communities through his writings and letters addressed to students, scholars, and governors. Over time, it became a fundamental element of their social life due to its noble values advocating moderation, tolerance, coexistence, and rejection of extremism and fanaticism. The study also aims to highlight the main forms of influence exerted by Ashʿarism on this society, which experienced a significant transformation after adopting this doctrine. Its ideas helped establish a sense of religious unity and social solidarity among its members, who became committed to defending their identity and community against external threats with determination and strength.