Design and Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides Against Drug-Resistant Pathogens

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is on the rise and poses a serious danger to public health around the world. It has rendered many traditional antibiotics useless, prompting a race to find new treatment options. The naturally occurring defensive chemicals known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently attracted a lot of interest because of their unique ways of action, decreased tendency for resistance development, and broad-spectrum activity, in comparison to conventional antibiotics. the development and production of new ampicillin-resistant microorganisms (AMPs). We prioritize rational design strategies that optimize amphipathicity, charge distribution, and secondary structures to enhance membrane disruption efficiency and selectivity. These strategies incorporate computational modeling, structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis, and peptide engineering. To improve stability, bioavailability, and protease resistance, synthetic procedures such solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), hybrid peptide creation, and the addition of non-natural amino acids are considered. To further address typical drawbacks including cytotoxicity and short half-life, we also investigate peptidomimetics, nanoparticle conjugation, and cyclization as potential solutions. To show the therapeutic promise, case studies of new AMPs that work against S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and carbapenem-resistant E. coli are highlighted.