Issam Louchene, Dalal Noureddine, Abdesselam Hellal, & Abdelghani Benali. (2026). Economic Dynamics of Oil Price Volatility and Energy Supply Disruptions Under Geopolitical Shockwaves: Evidence from Major Conflicts (1914–2022). Journal of the West, 65(2), 2116–2137. Retrieved from https://journalofthewest.com/jw/article/view/177